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Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is presently being replaced with plain concrete for its superior performance. In most cases, FRC contains just a single kind of fiber. The utilization of at least two kinds of fibers in an appropria...
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Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is presently being replaced with plain concrete for its superior performance. In most cases, FRC contains just a single kind of fiber. The utilization of at least two kinds of fibers in an appropriate mix can possibly improve the mechanical properties of concrete and result in performance synergy. This paper explores the effect of using steel fiber and polypropylene fiber for reinforcing the concrete to quantify the mechanical properties of the concrete composite. The purpose of this research was to analyze the flexural strength, tensile strength, sorptivity and elasticity modulus of steel, and polypropylene hybrid fiber composite. Crimped steel fibers in conjunction with polypropylene fiber at different volume fractions were utilized. A nondestructive methodology in light of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements was utilized to evaluate the dynamic elastic modulus. The scanning electron microscope was used to assess the properties of the concrete mixtures, the interfacial bond between fiber and the concrete matrix. The results were analyzed to evaluate fiber synergy if any associated with different volume fractions of fiber. The paper identifies the volume fraction of hybrid fiber that demonstrates maximum synergy under the essential mechanical properties of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete.
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In this work, an analytical model is developed for DM-DG-TMD-FET- based Biosensor including Fringing-field effects. The Analytical model has been developed for two different Device structures, namely Device structure-1 (without a ...
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In this work, an analytical model is developed for DM-DG-TMD-FET- based Biosensor including Fringing-field effects. The Analytical model has been developed for two different Device structures, namely Device structure-1 (without a gate above the nano-cavity) and Device structure-2 (with a gate above the nano-cavity) based on modulation of the dielectric constant of biomolecules in the nano-cavity region. The proposed model has been validated against both numerical quantum simulation results with the help of a few fitting parameters and it also agrees with the 2-dimensional numeric simulator SILVACO TCAD used in this work. The presence/absence of biomolecules has been detected by the metric of threshold voltage sensitivity $$S_{Vth}$$ and drain current $$I_{d}$$ for the neutral as well as charged biomolecules. Sensitivities of partially filled nano-cavities arising out of steric hindrance in both the biosensors are compared. Optimization of device dimensions has also been included in this work to enhance the sensitivity of the biosensors. It has been witnessed that the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is $$\sim$$ 100% higher in Device structure-1 for neutral biomolecules with dielectric constant $$\kappa$$ = 12, when compared to Device structure-2 for fully filled cavities. Whereas for the charged biomolecules, Device structure-1 shows $$\sim$$ 50% enhanced sensitivity than Device structure-2 for $$N_{f}=-1\times 10^{-12}$$ $$\text{C}/\text{cm}^2$$ . Device structure-1 demonstrates $$\sim$$ 120% higher sensitivity than Device structure-2 with partially filled cavities (i.e. 66% filled cavity). Finally, benchmarking of the proposed biosensor is presented with contemporary, state-of-the-art biosensors and it is highlighted that $$MoS_{2}$$ FET-based biosensor emerges with a superior sensitivity of $$S_{Vth}$$ =?0.81 V for $$\kappa = 12$$ .
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Hot-springs are regarded as the best source of industrially significant biocules and one of the unique locations for extremophiles. The a-amylase is one of the most important enzymes used in starch consuming industries, where the ...
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Hot-springs are regarded as the best source of industrially significant biocules and one of the unique locations for extremophiles. The a-amylase is one of the most important enzymes used in starch consuming industries, where the need of thermostability is paramount. In this study, the full metagenome sequences obtained from the soil of Tuwa hot-spring (Gujarat, India) were examined for the presence of several thermostable enzymes using bioinformatic techniques. The whole gene sequence for a-amylase was found from the metagenome. The a-amylase gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli and further characterized in vitro. The rm-a-amylase was found optimally active at 60 ? and at pH 6.0 and showed significantly high activity in 0.1 mM Co2+ as well as in other heavy metal ions without any effect on its thermostability. Apart from a-amylase activity the purified rm-a-amylase was also shown to hydrolyse agar, xylan, pectin, alginate and cellulose. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a new, multifunctional, thermostable amylase that was discovered from the hot-spring metagenomes. Owing to their multifunctionality, resilience towards high temperature and heavy metal ions, stability with solvents, additives and inhibitors, rm-a-amylase can be exploited for a variety of biotechnological applications.
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Purpose: Auditory training is known to improve the speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) skills in children with auditory processing disorders (APDs); however, conventional non-computer-based trainings are dreary and nonmotivating. Th...
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Purpose: Auditory training is known to improve the speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) skills in children with auditory processing disorders (APDs); however, conventional non-computer-based trainings are dreary and nonmotivating. This study intended to develop a computer-based noise desensitization training module in Indian English and test the efficacy of the same in children with APD having SPIN deficits. There are no such modules available at present to be used in Indian children.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the subcortical and cortical auditory evoked potentials for speech stimuli in children with speech-in-noise (SIN) deficits associated with auditory processing disorder (APD) without an...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the subcortical and cortical auditory evoked potentials for speech stimuli in children with speech-in-noise (SIN) deficits associated with auditory processing disorder (APD) without any reading or language deficits. Method: The study included 20 children in the age range of 9-13 years. Ten children were recruited to the APD group; they had below-normal scores on the speech-perception-in-noise test and were diagnosed as having APD. The remaining 10 were typically developing (TD) children and were recruited to the TD group. Speech-evoked subcortical (brainstem) and cortical (auditory late latency) responses were recorded and compared across both groups. Results: The results showed a statistically significant reduction in the amplitudes of the subcortical potentials (both for stimulus in quiet and in noise) and the magnitudes of the spectral components (fundamental frequency and the second formant) in children with SIN deficits in the APD group compared to the TD group. In addition, the APD group displayed enhanced amplitudes of the cortical potentials compared to the TD group. Conclusion: Children with SIN deficits associated with APD exhibited impaired coding/processing of the auditory information at the level of the brainstem and the auditory cortex.
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Background: Utility of frequency tuning of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) for evaluation of utricular function in individuals with Meniere's disease is a recent development. However, there is dearth of studies...
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Background: Utility of frequency tuning of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) for evaluation of utricular function in individuals with Meniere's disease is a recent development. However, there is dearth of studies regarding its utility in differential diagnosis of Meniere's disease from other vestibular pathologies.
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In this work, a 2 - D analytical model of Dielectrically Modulated, Dual Material, Double Gate Junctionless MOSFET (DMDG-JL-MOSFET) based label free biosensor has been proposed to investigate the effect of high-kappa gate dielectr...
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In this work, a 2 - D analytical model of Dielectrically Modulated, Dual Material, Double Gate Junctionless MOSFET (DMDG-JL-MOSFET) based label free biosensor has been proposed to investigate the effect of high-kappa gate dielectric materials (TiO2, HfO2, and Al2O3) and cavity length variation on the sensitivity of the biosensor. The model has been validated with data obtained from Sentaurus TCAD simulator. The variation in threshold voltage (V-th), drain current (I-d) and I-ON/I-OFF ratio has been used as the sensing metric to estimate the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor. It has been observed that at a cavity length (L-cav) of 25 nm, TiO2 shows 87%, 68% and 52% higher sensitivity than if SiO2 is taken as gate dielectric in case of neutral, positively charged and negatively charged biomolecules respectively. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed DMDG-JL-MOSFET based biosensor is confirmed by benchmarking the sensitivity metric with contemporary architectures of JL-MOSFET based biosensor. We have reported that DMDG-JL-MOSFET exhibits significant increase in sensitivity when compared to other contemporary JL-MOSFET based biosensors, thus making the proposed device an attractive solution for biosensing applications.
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Clitoria ternatea flower is traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory disorders including bronchitis and is one of the ingredients in different Ayurvedic preparations that are used in respi...
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Clitoria ternatea flower is traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory disorders including bronchitis and is one of the ingredients in different Ayurvedic preparations that are used in respiratory disorders. However, till date there is no scientific report on the anti-asthmatic activity of this flower.
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Background/Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of neurodegenerative disorder, possesses significant memory loss as one of the cardinal manifestations. The pathophysiology of AD includes increased accumulation of A beta, degenera...
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Background/Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of neurodegenerative disorder, possesses significant memory loss as one of the cardinal manifestations. The pathophysiology of AD includes increased accumulation of A beta, degeneration of cholinergic activity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) especially alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha 7 nAChRs) are widely distributed in brain and associated with memory function. Further, we explored the correlation between the mitochondrial dysfunction and the expression level of alpha 7 nAChRs in STZ challenged brain regions of rats. Materials and Methods: The STZ group rats received intracerebroventricular infusion of STZ (3 mg/kg) on D-1 and D-3 of experimental design of 18 days. Behavioral parameters ware investigated using MWM and Y-maze test paradigm. Further, biochemical analysis was assessed in all three regions of rats. Results: STZ administration caused significant impairment in memory and learning of rats MWM and Y-maze test paradigm. There was significant decrease in level expression of alpha 7 nAChRs and cholinergic functions in terms of elevated AChE activity and decreased ACh level and ChAT activity in rat hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex and amygdala. Further, STZ administration significantly attenuated the mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics in all the selected brain regions. Interestingly, the intracerebroventricular infusion of STZ increased A beta level in all the rat brain regions. Conclusion: The alpha 7 nAChR down regulation may form a basis to cognitive deficits along with cholinergic dysfunction, A beta accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in memory sensitive rat brain regions. Thus, alpha 7 nAChR could be an alternative and potential target in the management of AD.
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Cyanobacteria are an immense source of innovative classes of pharmacologically active compounds exhibiting various biological activities ranging from antioxidants, antibiotics, anticancer, anti-inflammatory to anti Alzheimer's dis...
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Cyanobacteria are an immense source of innovative classes of pharmacologically active compounds exhibiting various biological activities ranging from antioxidants, antibiotics, anticancer, anti-inflammatory to anti Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we primarily targeted the inhibition of Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) by a naturally occurring cyanobacterial protein phycoerythrin (C-PE). BACE1 cleaves amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and leads to accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid beta (A beta) plaques in the brain, as an attribute of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of BACE1 was measured in terms of their association and dissociation rate constants, thermodynamics of binding using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The kinetic parameters for enzyme activity were also measured using synthetic decapeptide as a substrate. We further validated the potential of PE by in-vivo histopathological staining of A beta aggregate mutant Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176 by Thioflavin-T. The present studies pave the way for the application of naturally occurring C-PE as a putative therapeutic drug for the AD. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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